【本書特色】
「美國憲法/基本原則與案例」一書之編纂,係為提供基礎英美法教學與學習之用,內容包括「聯邦司法權」(Federal Judicial Power)、「聯邦立法權」(Federal Legislative Power)、「聯邦行政權」(Federal Executive Power)、「聯邦主義及憲法增修條文第10條」(Federalism and the Tenth Amendment)、「人權法案及內戰後增修條文」(The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments)、「法律正當程序」(Due Process of Law)、「法律平等保護原則」(Equal Protection of the Laws)、「言論自由」(Freedom of Speech)、「結社自由及新聞自由」(Freedom of Association and Press)及「宗教自由」(Freedom of Religion)等。
本書之各章節內容主要分為兩大部分,即相關基本原則摘要及重要案例選錄。原則摘要部分為便於入門瞭解,係以中文為之,協助讀者建立對美國憲法之架構性認識,案例部分則係針對章節主題進行節錄編輯,期能協助讀者在具備基本原則認識的前提下,進行實際判決之深入研讀,除理解英美法之相關法律原理原則外,並能學習增進法理論證之能力。
Chapter 1. Federal Judicial Power 3
Section 1. Judicial Review 3
MARBURY v. MADISON 4
Section 2. Constitutional Interpretation 13
McCULLOCH v. MARYLAND 14
Section 3. Limits on Judicial Review: Political Questions 23
BAKER v. CARR 25
NIXON v. UNITED STATES 29
Section 4. Limits on Judicial Review: Standing 32
ALLEN v. WRIGHT 33
LUJAN v. DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE 41
Chapter 2. Federal Legislative Power 53
Section 1. The Commerce Clause 53
GIBBONS v. OGDEN 55
WICKARD v. FILBURN 58
UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ 60
UNITED STATES v. MORRISON 70
GONZALES v. RAICH 79
Section 2. Taxing and Spending Powers 91
UNITED STATES v. BUTLER 92
SABRI v. UNITED STATES 95
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS v. SEBELIUS 99
BAILEY v. DREXEL FURNITURE CO. 113
Section 3. Necessary and Proper Clause 119
UNITED STATES v. COMSTOCK 120
Chapter 3. Federal Executive Power 137
Section 1. Inherent Presidential Power 137
YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE CO. v. SAWYER 137
Section 2. Congress’ Delegation 147
PANAMA REFINING CO. v. RYAN 149
WEST VIRGINIA v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 157
LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES v. RAIMONDO 164
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE v. CHADHA 176
Section 3. War and Foreign Affairs 186
UNITED STATES v. CURTISS-WRIGHT EXPORT CORP. 186
HAMDI v. RUMSFELD 189
Section 4. Executive Privilege 202
UNITED STATES v. NIXON 203
Section 5. Presidential Immunity 208
NIXON v. FITZGERALD 208
CLINTON v. JONES 212
TRUMP v. UNITED STATES 218
Chapter 4. Federalism and the Tenth Amendment 235
Section 1. The Tenth Amendment 235
UNITED STATES v. DARBY 236
GARCIA v. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY 238
NEW YORK v. UNITED STATES 254
Section 2. Conditions on Grants to State Governments 268
SOUTH DAKOTA v. DOLE 269
Chapter 5. The Bill of Rights and the Civil War Amendments 279
Section 1. Bill of Rights 280
Section 2. The Civil War Amendments 282
UNITED STATES v. STANLEY (THE CIVIL RIGHTS CASES) 283
Section 3. The Incorporation of the Bill of Rights 287
PALKO v. CONNECTICUT 288
DUNCAN v. LOUISIANA 291
Chapter 6. Due Process of Law 297
Section 1. Procedural Due Process 297
GOLDBERG v. KELLY 298
CLEVELAND BOARD OF EDUCATION v. LOUDERMILL 302
MATHEWS v. ELDRIDGE 305
Section 2. Substantive Due Process: Non-Fundamental Rights 311
LOCHNER v. NEW YORK 312
WILLIAMSON v. LEE OPTICAL CO. 319
KELO v. CITY OF NEW LONDON 322
KOONTZ v. ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 331
ALLIED STRUCTURAL STEEL CO. v. SPANNAUS 340
KAHLER v. KANSAS 346
Section 3. Substantive Due Process: Privacy 352
GRISWOLD v. CONNECTICUT 355
ROE v. WADE 361
PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTRN PA. v. CASEY 366
DOBBS v. JACKSON WOMEN’S HEALTH ORGANIZATION 381
LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 404
OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 413
WASHINGTON v. GLUCKSBERG 432
Chapter 7. Equal Protection of the Laws 441
Section 1. Introduction 441
Section 2. Economic and Social Laws-The “Mere Rationality” Test 441
U.S. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BD. v. FRITZ 442
Section 3. Suspect Classifications: Race 448
1. The Unconstitutionality of Racial Segregation 448
BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION 449
2. Racially Discriminatory Purpose and Effect 453
WASHINGTON v. DAVIS 453
3. Affirmative Action and Race Preferences 459
GRUTTER v. BOLLINGER 461
RICHMOND v. J.A. CROSON CO. 469
Section 4. Suspect Classification: National Origin 482
KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES 483
Section 5. Suspect Classification: Alienage 488
PLYLER v. DOE 489
Section 6. Other Classifications 493
1. Gender and Illegitimacy 493
CRAIG v. BOREN 494
UNITED STATES v. VIRGINIA 498
2. Disability, Age and Wealth 509
CLEBURNE v. CLEBURNE LIVING CENTER, INC. 510
3. Sexual Orientation 518
ROMER v. EVANS 519
Section 7. Fundamental Rights 528
REYNOLDS v. SIMS 529
M.L.B. v. S.L.J. 534
Chapter 8. Freedom of Speech 543
Section 1. Introduction 543
Section 2. Advocacy of Imminent Lawless Action 544
BRANDENBURG v. OHIO 544
Section 3. Fighting Words and Hostile Audiences 547
COHEN v. CALIFORNIA 547
Section 4. Injury to Reputation and Sensibility 551
1. Libel 551
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. SULLIVAN 551
2. Tortious Speech 558
SNYDER v. PHELPS 558
3. Hate Speech 566
VIRGINIA v. BLACK 566
4. False Speech 573
UNITED STATES v. ALVAREZ 574
Section 5. Obscenity 583
MILLER v. CALIFORNIA 584
GINSBERG v. NEW YORK 588
Section 6. Commercial Speech 593
44 LIQUORMART, INC. v. RHODE ISLAND 594
Section 7. Different Standards of Review for Content-Based and
Content-Neutral Regulations 603
UNITED STATES v. O’BRIEN 604
TEXAS v. JOHNSON 610
MATAL v. TAM 617
IANCU v. BRUNETTI 622
Section 8. Regulation of Political Contribution, Expenditure, and Activity 625
CITIZENS UNITED v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 625
Chapter 9. Freedom of Association and Press 635
Section 1. Freedom of Association 635
NAACP v. ALABAMA 635
Section 2. Freedom of Press 639
NEW YORK TIMES CO. v. UNITED STATES 640
BRANZBURG v. HAYES 648
Chapter 10. Freedom of Religion 655
Section 1. The Establishment Clause 655
EDWARDS v. AGUILLARD 656
ZELMAN v. SIMMONS-HARRIS 662
KENNEDY v. BREMERTON SCHOOL DISTRICT 672
Section 2. The Free Exercise of Religion 684
CHURCH OF THE LUKUMI BABALU AYE v. CITY OF HIALEAH 685
EMPLOYMENT DIVISION, DEPT. OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. SMITH 691
Appendix 701
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 701