1.Foreword 1 2.Issues of Soil and Water Conservation on Sloped farmlands 2 (1)Erosion and Soil Loss 2 (2)Decline in Soil Productivity 3 (3)Reduction of Soil Microorganisms 3 (4)Conservation Issues of Water Resources 3 3.Purposes of Soil and Water Conservation on farmlands 4 (1)Rational Land Use 4 (2)Soil Improvement 5 (3)Surface Runoff Control 5 (4)Improving Water Quality and Increasing Water Quantity 6 (5)Groundcover and Vegetation Cultivation 6 (6)Site-Adaptive Soil and Water Conservation Methods 7 4.A Brief history of Agricultural Soil and Water Conservation Promotion in Taiwan 8 5.Planning Processes and tasks for Agricultural Soil and Water Conservation 13 II Planning of Soil and Water Conservation 1.Planning Basis for Agricultural Land and Water Conservation 14 (1)Classification Standards for Permissible Slopeland Use 14 (2)Condition of Site 16 (3)Considerations of Land Use Types 20 2.Planning of Agricultural Soil and Water Conservation System. 21 (1)Access Road System 21 (2)Irrigation System 26 (3)Drainage System 30 3.Staple Crops and Soil and Water Conservation Methods on farmlands in Taiwan 46 (1)Crop Types and Soil and Water Conservation Methods on Slopelands 46 (2)Main Methods for Soil and Water Conservation on Farmlands 47 III. Methods and Theories of Soil and Water Conservation in Agricultural Land 1.Covering works by plant materials 50 2.2.Mulching 55 3.Hillside Ditches 58 4.Bench Terraces 64 5.Contour Cultivation 71 6.Green Manure 73 7.Grass Barriers 79 8.Sedimentation Pond for Farming Land 81 9.Grass Waterway 84 10.Farming Ponds 87 11.Drainage Structures 91 12.Stone Walls 98 13.Windbreaks for Slope land 100 14.Vegetation Buffer Strip 103 15.Other farmland slope protection facility 107 (1)Staking and Wattling 107 (2)Soil-Tire-VegetationMethod 109 (3)Slopeland Protection by Soil Bag 110 (4)Masonry Retaining Wall 111 IV. Cover plants for farmland 1.Main farmland soil & water conservation mulching grasses 112 2.Mulching grass application description 114 (1)Bahia grass A44(large leaf strain， A44 strain) 114 (2)Bahia grass (small leaf strain， A33 strain) 116 (3)Centipede Grass， Lazy-man’s grass 118 (4)Bermuda Grass 120 (5)Carpet grass 122 (6)Carpet grass 124 (7)Korean velvet grass (Taipei grass species ) 126 (8)Annual ryegrass(bearded ryegrass) 128 (9)Orchard grass 130 (10)Sour grass 131 3.Description of green manure plants application 133 (1)Tainan No.7 Soybean green manure 133 (2)Perennial peanut 136 (3)Sum hemp 139 (4)Lupine (Lupin) 141 (5)Vetch 143 (6)Blue soybean 145 (7)Egyptian Clover 147 Drawing List Figure 1-1 Cultivated Crop Planting is Subject to Soil Loss 2 Figure 1-2 Fruit Trees Planting on Steep Slopes is Subject to Soil Erosion 5 Figure 1-3 Photos of Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Lands in Early Years 11 Figure 1-4 Photos of Soil Erosion Test and Interpretation 12 Figure 1-5 Planning Process and tasks of Agricultural Soil and Water Conservation 13 Figure 2-1 Assessment and Identification Results Legend Based on Classification Standards for Permissible Land Use 18 Figure 2-2 Land Grading Diagram Based on Classification Standards for Permissible Slopeland Use 19 Figure 2-3 Schematic Diagram of Testudinate Access Road System (Including Access Road， Ringed road and Farm Path) 24 Figure 2-4 Configuration Schematic Diagram and Photographs of the Park Access Road System 25 Figure 2-5 Photos Related to Access Road System 26 Figure 2-6 Irrigation System Configuration Diagram for Slopelands 27 Figure 2-7 Photos of Commonly Seen Farmland Irrigation Systems on Slopelands 29 Figure 2-8 Lend Related to Drainage System 32 Figure 2-9 Photo Illustrations of Drainage Facility 38 Figure 2-10 Photos of Check Dam Construction Examples 45
