A chemist turned forensic scientist, Petraco worked at New York City's Police Laboratory from 1968 to 1990, when he became a forensic consultant. Here he illustrates typical examples of marks that tools leave on softer material that they press against or scratch across. He covers basic geometric optics and basic microscopy for toolmark examiners, precision measurement, measurement with the microscope, collecting and documenting toolmarks, preparing toolmark standards, doing toolmark cases, and how statistical pattern comparison methods can be applied to toolmarks. Then he provides an atlas of common hand tools seen in casework. Annotation 穢2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)